《法華經》卷一.〈序品〉第一
Lotus Sutra-5:八部眾
有四緊那羅王:[1]
此云歌神,天帝歌樂,用此神也。[2]
法緊那羅王、
佛說法時,諸天弦歌,以讚於佛。[3]
妙法緊那羅王、
作妙法樂,以讚於佛。[4]
大法緊那羅王、
讚詠大乘清淨法也。[5]
持法緊那羅王、
任持正法,播於音樂。[6]
各與若干百千眷屬俱。
四種歌神所部之眾。[7]
有四乾闥婆王:[8]
此云嗅香,以香為食。天帝作樂,即用此神。[9]
樂乾闥婆王、[10]
樂音乾闥婆王、
即奏鼓樂者。[14]
美乾闥婆王、
作橦倒伎,最美觀者。[15]
美音乾闥婆王,
即奏音樂最美妙者。[16]
各與若干百千眷屬俱。
四種樂王所部之眾。[17]
有四阿修羅王:[18]
此云無端正,形貌醜惡故。[19]
婆稚阿修羅王、[20]
此云最勝,能勝一切情欲境故。[21]
佉羅騫馱阿修羅王、[22]
此云廣肩脾,以能荷法故。[23]
毗摩質多羅阿修羅王、
羅睺阿修羅王,[26]
此云障持,其身長廣,手持日月,障覆光明。[27]
各與若干百千眷屬俱。
四種脩羅眷屬眾也。[28]
有四迦樓羅王:[29]
大威德迦樓羅王、
大身迦樓羅王、
大滿迦樓羅王、[36]
翅扇水開,入海噉龍,大滿其意。[37]
如意迦樓羅王,
此鳥頸上有如意珠。[38]
各與若干百千眷屬俱。
四金翅鳥眷屬之眾。[39]
kinnara; the musicians of Kuvera,
with men's bodies and horses' heads; they are described as 人非人 men yet not men, and 疑神 mythical beings; one of the eight
classes of heavenly musicians; they are also described as horned, as having
crystal lutes, the females singing and dancing, and as ranking below gandharvas.
gandharva
or gandharva kāyikās, spirits on Gandha-mādana 香 山 the fragrant or incense mountains,
so called because the Gandharvas do not drink wine or eat meat, but feed on
incense or fragrance and give off fragrant odours. As musicians of Indra, or in
the retinue of Dhṛtarāṣtra, they are said to be the same as, or similar to, the
Kinnaras. They are, or according to M.W., Dhṛtarāṣtra is associated with soma,
the moon, and with medicine. They cause ecstasy, are erotic, and the patrons of
marriageable girls; the Apsaras are their wives, and both are patrons of
dicers.
[18] 阿修羅王:指阿修羅道之王。諸經典中,列舉不少阿修羅王之名,其中,《法華經》〈序品〉列有婆稚、佉羅騫馱、毘摩質多羅、羅睺等四大阿修羅王,各有百千眷屬。《起世因本經》卷五亦列舉四大阿修羅王,並記載其住處。「毘摩質多羅阿修羅王」住於須彌山東面千由旬處之大海下,國土縱廣八萬由旬,有七重城壁,王城稱為設摩婆帝,中央集會處稱為七頭;「踊躍阿修羅王」住於須彌山南面千由旬處之大海下,國土縱廣八萬由旬;「奢婆羅阿修羅王」住於須彌山西面千由旬處之大海下;「羅睺羅阿修羅」住於須彌山北面千由旬處之大海下,宮殿之莊嚴似毘摩質多羅者。《正法念處經》卷十八至卷二十一更詳述四大阿修羅王之住處、宮殿、園林、侍者、婇女、業因及壽命。《新華嚴經》卷一所列阿修羅則有羅睺、毘摩質多羅、巧幻術、大眷屬、大力、徧照、堅固行妙莊嚴、廣大因慧、出現勝德、妙好音聲等阿修羅王。
[20] 婆稚:bandhi, or bali, the
origin and meaning are obscure, defined as 'bound' and also as round,
full-orbed, complete. Bandhiasura, an asura -king. Also, 婆梨; 跋稚;
跋塀; 跋移;
末利.
[22] 佉羅騫馱:Kharakantha; kings of
demons, kings of asuras present when Buddha preached the Lotus Sutra; also
described as rumbling like thunder, or stirring up the waves of the ocean.
[24] 舍脂:梵名Śacī 或
Śaci 或
Śacikā,巴利名 Sujā 或
Sujātā。又作舍之、舍支、釋脂、設芝、設支、娑呬迦。意譯淨量、妙安。乃帝釋天之妃,阿修羅之女。
據《雜阿含經》卷四十載,舍脂為帝釋天之第一天后,帝釋因此而稱舍脂鉢低。據《玄應音義》卷二十五載,舍脂,意為能縛,謂女人若可愛,能令男子生染著。又據《新華嚴經》卷四十四載,舍支能於一音之中出千種音。《大毘婆沙論》卷六十一則載,設芝發諂媚之音時,令洲胤仙人生愛欲,而退失勝定,螺髻隨之墮落。
此外,據《大莊嚴論經》卷十載,舍之嘗與帝釋共同供養摩訶迦葉。又《大三摩惹經》載,娑呬迦為天女之一。
據《雜阿含經》卷四十載,舍脂為帝釋天之第一天后,帝釋因此而稱舍脂鉢低。據《玄應音義》卷二十五載,舍脂,意為能縛,謂女人若可愛,能令男子生染著。又據《新華嚴經》卷四十四載,舍支能於一音之中出千種音。《大毘婆沙論》卷六十一則載,設芝發諂媚之音時,令洲胤仙人生愛欲,而退失勝定,螺髻隨之墮落。
此外,據《大莊嚴論經》卷十載,舍之嘗與帝釋共同供養摩訶迦葉。又《大三摩惹經》載,娑呬迦為天女之一。
[26] 羅睺阿修羅:Rāhu-asura, the asura who in fighting
with Indra can seize sun and moon, i.e. cause eclipses.
梵名
Rāhuasura。略稱羅睺阿修羅。四種阿修羅王之一。羅睺羅
意為障月,以此阿修羅王與帝釋作戰時,手能執日月,障蔽其光,故有此名。《正法念處經》卷十八至卷二十一,詳述四大阿修羅王之住處、宮殿、園林、侍者、婇女、業因及壽命等。據載,此王住海底地下第一層(二萬一千由旬),身量廣大,如須彌山王。所住光明城縱廣八千由旬,園林房舍皆以寶莊嚴。舉手障日光輪,即形成
日蝕;以手障月,形成月蝕。論其業因,謂王過去為婆羅門時,見火燒塔,遂滅火而令塔不壞,欲以救塔之福德為因,願得大身。然雖作此願,猶不信正法,不正思惟,常愛鬥戰,不修正業,故死後墮入阿修羅道。〔起世經卷五阿修羅品〕
garuḍa; 'a mythical bird, the chief of the feathered
race, the enemy of the serpent race, the vehicle of Vishṇu.' M. W. Tr. as
golden-winged, with an expanse of 3,360,000 li, carrying the ruyi pearl or
talisman on its neck; among other accounts one says it dwells in great trees
and feeds on snakes or dragons. Also 迦婁羅; 迦留羅; 迦嘍荼; 伽樓羅; 揭路荼; 誐嚕拏 (or 蘗嚕拏). The association of the garuḍa, like the phoenix, with fire makes it
also a symbol of flame 迦樓羅炎.
[30] 金翅鳥:梵語 suparna,或 suparnin。音譯蘇鉢剌尼。意譯羽毛美麗者。又譯食吐悲苦聲。係印度神話之鳥,被視同迦樓羅鳥(梵 garuda,蘗嚕拏)。又作妙翅鳥、項癭鳥。為印度教毘濕奴神所跨乘。於佛教中,為八部眾之一,翅翮金色,兩翼廣三三六萬里,住於須彌山下層。據《長阿含經》卷十九載,此鳥有卵生、胎生、濕生、化生四種,常取卵、胎、濕、化之諸龍為食。
古印度地理觀,此世界分成東南西北四大洲,稱為四天下。
[36] 大滿:Great, full, or complete; tr. of
mahā-pūrma, king of monster birds or garudas who are enemies of the nāgas or
serpents; he is the vehicle of Visnu in Brahmanism.
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