《妙法蓮華經文句記》卷第一〈序品〉：釋八部眾－乾闥婆

有四乾闥婆王：樂乾闥婆王、樂音乾闥婆王、美乾闥婆王、美音乾闥婆王，各與若干百千眷屬俱。[1]

［句］「四乾闥婆」，[2]此云嗅香，以香為食，亦云香陰，其身出香，此是天帝俗樂之神也。「樂」者，幢倒伎也；「樂音」者，鼓節弦管也；「美」者，幢倒中勝品者；美音者，弦管中勝者也。[3]

［記］餘者俗樂，以俗表真。四乾對教，隨義釋出。

　「幢」謂緣幢，即竽木也。「倒」，謂擲倒等。[4]

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[1] 《妙法蓮華經》卷一，CBETA, T9, no. 262, p. 2a26-a28。

[2] 乾闥婆：梵語乾闥婆，華言香陰。陰，即身也。不噉酒肉，惟香資陰，故名香陰。是帝釋天主樂神，在須彌山南，金剛窟住。天主欲作樂時，即上天也。gandharva or gandharva kāyikās, spirits on Gandha-mādana 香 山 the fragrant or incense mountains, so called because the Gandharvas do not drink wine or eat meat, but feed on incense or fragrance and give off fragrant odours. As musicians of Indra, or in the retinue of Dhṛtarāṣtra, they are said to be the same as, or similar to, the Kinnaras. They are, or according to M.W., Dhṛtarāṣtra is associated with soma, the moon, and with medicine. They cause ecstasy, are erotic, and the patrons of marriageable girls; the Apsaras are their wives, and both are patrons of dicers.

[3] 《妙法蓮華經文句》，CBETA, T34, no. 1718, p. 25a16-a19。

[4] 《法華文句記》，CBETA, T34, no. 1719, p. 187a13-a14。